Author: Sebastian Cuttill

  • DCMS Committee Report echoes PPA calls to empower Digital Markets Unit

    DCMS Committee Report echoes PPA calls to empower Digital Markets Unit

    In its Sustainability of local journalism Report, published on 25th January, the Committee stated it is “glad that the Government appears to be expediting the introduction of the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumer Bill”.

    The Digital Markets Unit aims to rebalance the relationship between big tech platforms and publishers by targeting the root cause of platforms’ market power. In its recommendations, the Committee argued that “clear and explicit provisions for ensuring smaller publishers are fairly renumerated [for use of their content] be included in the Government’s new pro-competition regime”.

    In evidence submitted to the Committee, the PPA had argued: “The Government should anticipate the need to develop additional measures that support smaller, but eligible, media businesses […] The Competition and Market Authority (CMA) and the DMU could also authorise smaller media businesses to engage in collective bargaining under existing competition law before introducing any legislation”.

    The PPA’s evidence also highlighted that any further delays to legislation will negatively impact publishers’ sustainability. The Committee recognised this challenge, noting: “the […] Professional Publishers’ Association highlighted that, in the interim, news publishers would continue to face the difficulties of operating in an unfair market”. The PPA argued to the Committee that large platforms should compensate publishers of special interest news, not only local and national newspapers.

    Evidence presented by the PPA on the impact of rising energy costs was also cited in the Report, with the Committee noting that “recent inflation-driven increases in newsprint costs – as much as 100% for some publishers” have only added to the imperative to rapidly transform business models in the digital age.

    The PPA will continue to engage with the Committee and its work on ensuring the sustainability of UK media businesses.

  • ASA issues updated advice on advertisement features

    ASA issues updated advice on advertisement features

    When a publisher is paid by a brand, subsequent posts should make this clear by displaying a prominent label. If there is payment but no editorial control by the brand, the content is subject to consumer protection law under the Competition and Markets Authority. But when a brand has paid a publisher, and also has editorial control, the content is classed as an advertorial or advertisement feature and is regulated by the ASA.

    The revised advice comes from the Committee on Advertising (CAP), the sister organisation of the ASA, which states that marketing communications must be obviously identifiable. For advertisement features particularly, even if they are designed to resemble the editorial style of the title they appear in, they should be differentiated from strictly editorial content.

    Typically, a label is a simple way to indicate this to consumers. The CAP Code specifically suggests the label “Advertisement Feature” – but it is also likely “Ad”, “Advert”, “Advertising”, “Advertisement”, and “Ad Feature” are likely to be considered acceptable. The ASA advice states that the term “sponsored” is open interpretation – as such, they generally advise against using the term in this context.

    In relation to magazines and newspapers specifically, recent ASA advice noted that previous examples – not an exhaustive list – of the following labels were not clear enough for users:

    • “Sponsored section”
    • “In association with”
    • “Brand Publisher”
    • “Promotion”

    The prominence of the label is crucial, but also visual and contextual signposts are important.

    Advertisers and publishers for which this is relevant should read the updated advice in full. Please note, neither this article nor the ASA advice page constitute legal advice. It does not bind CAP, CAP advisory panels or the ASA.

  • Parliamentary questions highlight the value of specialist publishing to the economy

    Parliamentary questions highlight the value of specialist publishing to the economy

    In reply, Minister Julia Lopez noted that: “The Government greatly values the UK’s publishing sector, of which magazine publishers form a key part. The sector is a UK success story and a significant soft power asset”.  

    She added: “Specialist publishing remains an integral part of the media industry, worth £3.74 billion to the UK economy – employing around 55,000 people. The Government recognises the role that special interest publications play within the UK’s media ecosystem, and the demand for the specialist insights they provide, with more than 40 million adults in the UK reading a magazine every month”. 

    Stafford also asked the Department for Business what assessment the Government has made about the potential impact on the magazine sector if the Universal Service Obligation (USO) – which currently requires Royal Mail to deliver letters six days a week – is lowered to five days. 

    This follows a Westminster Hall debate earlier in January where the impact of a change to the USO on magazine deliveries was noted by the Minister and several MPs. 

    In response to Stafford, Minister Kevin Hollinrake, who is responsible for postal policy, re-stated the Government’s position that there are “no current plans to change the statutory minimum requirements of the universal postal service, set out in the Postal Services Act 2011”.  

    In November 2022, Royal Mail publicly called on Government to remove the statutory requirement to deliver letters on Saturdays. Since then, a range of organisations including the PPA have highlighted the economic harm that this would cause to UK businesses. 

    Even though magazine deliveries are not USO mail, non-USO mail is reliant on and funds the USO network. The PPA has argued that Government must take the importance of non-USO mail into account when assessing the need to retain the USO. 

    The PPA will continue to highlight the immense economic and cultural value of the magazine publishing sector to the UK, as well as engaging with Royal Mail and Government to ensure that publishers are able to continue to deliver subscription mail six days per week. 

  • Minister and MPs acknowledge specialist media industry concerns in debate on Royal Mail USO

    Minister and MPs acknowledge specialist media industry concerns in debate on Royal Mail USO

    In a Westminster Hall debate on Thursday 12th January Kate Osborne MP, who worked for Royal Mail for 25 years, highlighted that she had met the PPA this week to discuss the industry’s concerns. Going on to discuss Royal Mail’s regular citing of the fall in letter volumes as evidence for the need to change the USO, Osborne asked the responsible government Minister to confirm “if the USO is the financial burden it is being portrayed as” given the sharp increase in mailing costs.

    The MP, who has represented Jarrow since 2019, asked Minister Hollinrake to confirm that any further evidence provided to Government by Ofcom will be more thorough than the previous 2020 Review of User Needs. She stated that many letters sent in the UK are non-USO mail [this includes Publishing Mail and the magazines mailed using Downstream Access providers] and that this mail is delivered jointly over the same network as USO mail.

    Osborne went on to observe that non-USO mail includes important time-sensitive information such as letters from hospitals and HMRC, or communications from the police and legal documents, as well as highlighting the importance of time-sensitive magazines. She stated that the 2020 Ofcom Review of User Needs, often cited by Royal Mail – which found that five-day-per-week deliveries would meet 97% of residential and SME user needs – did not properly account for large business users and non-USO mail, and is therefore not a reliable review.

    Seema Malhotra MP, Labour’s Shadow Minister for Business and Consumers (which includes the Postal Services brief) highlighted her party’s concerns about Royal Mail’s request to remove Saturday deliveries, including the importance of “magazine subscriptions where Saturday deliveries form part of those delivery models”.

    Chris Stephens MP, the SNP Spokesperson for Levelling Up, also cited the impact of changes on the publishing industry, including the potential for cancelled subscriptions and lost advertising revenue. Labour MP Matt Rodda, Shadow Minister for Pensions, agreed with points about the delivery of literature, and also discussed the importance of Saturday deliveries for small businesses advertising their services. MPs noted their constituents’ concerns about Royal Mail’s poor quality of service: David Johnston, the Conservative MP representing Wantage, flagged complaints he has received about the slow delivery of magazines as well as missing bank cards and hospital appointment letters.

    Responding to MPs views, the Government Minister attending the debate, Kevin Hollinrake MP, stated that the Government backs the six-day USO but emphasised it is facing challenges. He added that Government has yet to receive a convincing case for a need to change the USO to meet user needs and ensure its sustainability. Further, Hollinrake stated that any representations must first be made to Ofcom and he will then consider any evidence presented by the regulator.

    Hollinrake also agreed that any further analysis by Ofcom must take into account the needs of large business users, specifically citing the impact on magazine publishers. The PPA will continue to engage with Royal Mail, MPs, Government, and Ofcom to ensure that publishers are able to sustain and grow their successful subscription businesses.

  • Key report flags the impact of platforms and regulation in 2023

    Key report flags the impact of platforms and regulation in 2023

    The report, authored by Senior Research Associate Nic Newman, notes that big tech platforms are under pressure due to the economic downturn and the migration of users to platforms such as TikTok. Platforms such as Meta appear to be turning their back on news, whilst emerging platforms appear more disinterested, particularly in hard news.

    Newman goes on to observe that long-standing platforms such as Facebook are focused on how they can respond to the creativity unleashed by TikTok, with Amazon, Apple, and Microsoft likely to focus on growing their advertising businesses. This leaves publishers to concentrate on using new technologies to tailor content whilst still emphasising journalism’s human qualities and track record of delivering trusted information.

    Despite the feeling that platforms may be turning away from news, 33% of publishers told Reuters that they expect to get significant revenue from tech platforms for content licensing (or innovation, a big increase year on year. This reflects the implementation or threat of legislation that aims to ensure publishers can negotiate fairly with large platforms.

    Over half of the publishers surveyed stated that online safety legislation makes them concerned that it will become harder for journalists to publish stories that governments don’t like. It is also observed that privacy-related changes threaten to reduce ad revenue in the short term but are prompting publishers to start initiatives to collect their own (first-party) data that could be the basis for a more sustainable future.

  • UK regulators announce plans for the coming year

    UK regulators announce plans for the coming year

    Ofcom’s key aims include an “internet that we can rely on”, exploring how communications regulation must adapt to digital markets, as well as whether the cloud market – currently dominated by big tech firms – is working well.

    The communications regulator will also aim to support a “media we can trust and value”, supporting the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport with the forthcoming Media Bill. The government has committed to repealing Section 40 in the Media Bill, which if ever activated would leave publishers a choice of signing up to a state-backed regulator, or paying both sides’ costs in legal cases, even if the publisher won the case.

    The work to better regulate the BBC will also continue, including improvements to the BBC competition framework and updates to the Operating License which sets out how the Corporation should fulfil its Mission and Public Purposes.

    Also relevant to publishers is Ofcom’s ongoing work on media plurality, which is exploring solutions to ensure that online intermediaries’ impact on the range of news and information is properly regulated. Suggested solutions include a statutory requirement for platforms to surface a range of trusted sources, as well as user empowerment tools.

    Ofcom continues to regulate the postal market in the UK, and is responsible for holding Royal Mail to account if the company misses its quality of service targets. Reacting to the recent calls by Royal Mail to remove the statutory requirement for the company to deliver letters on Saturdays, Ofcom states that this is a matter for the government but it will provide advice to ministers as and when required.

    The CMA’s responsibilities include investigating breaches of competition law and enforcing consumer protection legislation. The regulator states that its current ambitions are: (a) an environment where consumers are confident of good deals and broad choice of products; (b) that competitive, fair dealing businesses can innovate and thrive; and (c) that the whole UK economy can grow productively and sustainably.

    Of particular relevance to publishers is the CMA’s responsibility as the home of the new Digital Markets Unit (DMU), that will be empowered through the forthcoming Digital Markets, Competition and Consumer Bill. Whilst the legislation will set the broad principles that dominant digital firms should adhere to, the DMU itself will have broad agency to prioritise which digital firms are prioritised for designation under the new laws, and will play a key role in creating firm-specific codes for each individual company.

    The PPA looks forward to continuing its strong and productive relationships with Ofcom and the CMA, ensuring that specialist publishers’ interests are properly accounted for and understood as the regulators carry out their duties.

  • Ofcom has found US tech firms increasingly shape the news stories that people in the UK see and read

    Ofcom has found US tech firms increasingly shape the news stories that people in the UK see and read

    The Chief Executive of Ofcom, Melanie Dawes, told the Financial Times that preliminary research carried out by the regulator revealed social media platforms are driving polarisation among users. Part of a forthcoming Ofcom investigation will examine algorithms that “amplify emotional reaction” to news and potentially lead users “into an echo chamber”.

    Ofcom has therefore launched a broader review into its media plurality regime, examining whether this should expand to cover the role of tech platforms role in hosting news – a move which would mark a further expansion of Ofcom’s already very broad remit.

    Over the coming months, Ofcom will be engaging with industry and interested parties, with a view to developing formal recommendations for consideration by the UK Government. A further, “more intrusive” approach being considered is the creation of statutory obligations for online to put in place measures to “support the visibility and discovery of a range of high-quality journalism on [their platforms]”.

    However, Ofcom notes that any such policy would need to be carefully designed so as to proportionately remedy the “identified harms to media plurality” and to avoid unintended consequences for the industry.

    PPA has previously engaged with the Ofcom Media Plurality team and have requested a meeting to better understand the regulator’s intentions. We will also look to issue a formal response to the questions posed in the study, so please do get in touch (sebastian.cuttill@ppa.co.uk) if you would like to discuss the report and recommendations in greater detail.

    We are keen that the role of specialist titles in providing trusted news is properly accounted for in any policy proposals resulting from the forthcoming investigation, creating a level playing field with “core news” organisations online.

  • Government commits to bringing forward Digital Markets Unit legislation, and Online Sales Tax abandoned

    Government commits to bringing forward Digital Markets Unit legislation, and Online Sales Tax abandoned

    This legislation will not only support specialist publishers and the creative industries to build thriving online businesses, but will also save millions of consumers money. We will now work with government to ensure that the detail of the legislation is as effective as possible, and with the DMU itself to develop codes of conduct that will go to the root of big tech’s anticompetitive practices.

    To note, this legislation will also bring in new regulations on the selling of subscription contracts. PPA has been successful in having several measures that would have had a highly detrimental impact on subscriptions ‘churn’ removed. We are now looking to facilitate engagement between experts within our membership and government in order that civil servants have a proper understanding of how subscriptions businesses work in practice.

    In another key announcement, the government has decided not to introduce an Online Sales Tax (OST), an idea put forward by certain stakeholders in the context of Business Rates reform. The government’s decision reflects concerns raised about an OST’s complexity and the risk of creating unintended distortion or unfair outcomes between different business models.

    An OST would have reduced publishers’ subscriptions revenues and created huge complexity in the process, so it is good to see that these concerns have been acknowledged and the policy abandoned.

  • PPA Briefing on the Autumn Statement

    PPA Briefing on the Autumn Statement

    Of particular note to publishers, it has been announced that the government will bring forward the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumer Bill – the legislation that will empower the Digital Markets Unit (DMU) – to parliament in the current parliamentary session. Meanwhile, the proposed Online Sales Tax has been abandoned.

    The Chancellor acknowledged that the UK is now in a recession and that the economic climate would worsen in the short term. However, the blame for this was placed on international factors and comparisons were given on the economic situation other comparable countries were also facing.

    On inflation, Hunt says that this was his “enemy” and would be a focus of his to tackle. Again, comparisons to the inflationary environment of countries were given by Hunt to provide context and demonstrate the UK was not an outlier in the situation it faced.

    According to the Treasury, a fiscal “black hole” of around £54 billion exists in the public finances, with the Chancellor confirming wide-ranging spending cuts coupled with tax rises in response. In total, £55 billion of tax increases and spending cuts have been announced today.

    In attempting to restore the public finances, the Chancellor said that the Autumn Statement will also seek to restore the UK’s economic stability and reassure markets following September’s “mini” budget which was correct to identify growth as a priority. Hunt affirmed that in taking these decisions, the most vulnerable will be protected and future economic growth should not be sacrificed.

    Three priorities guide the Chancellor’s Autumn Statement: stability, growth, and public services. He stated that “the UK, like other countries, is now in recession”, however “but because of our plans the recession is shallower, and inflation is reduced.”

    Shadow Chancellor Rachel Reeves MP (Lab) began by stating that the country found itself in a “worse place than we started the year” given the changes in Prime Ministers and other positions. She attributed the economic outlook not only to “12 weeks of Conservative chaos but also 12 years of economic failure”. She accused the Chancellor of offering the same old failed policies despite dismal economic growth, investment going down, wages being squeezed, and public spending crumbling, saying working people were paying for his failure.

    She urged the need to break free from the cycle of stagnation, advocating for fairer choices and a proper plan for economic growth. Ms Reeves stated the Government has no coherent plan for growth, reflected by the Office for Budget and Responsibility’s decision to downgrade growth in the months and year ahead. She asserted the need for a long-term plan that would produce “a fairer, greener, more dynamic economy”, putting working people at the forefront and an industrial strategy “which gives business certainty, unlocks investment, and means that Britain can once again lead the world in the industries of the future”.

    Key Announcements

    Tax

    Personal:

    • There will be a freeze on both the basic and higher rates of income tax threshold until 2028.

    • The highest rate of tax (45p) will also see its threshold lowered from £150,00 to £125,140. This measure is expected to immediately move 250,000 people into the highest bracket. This constitutes a raise of £1200 for these individuals

    • Income tax personal allowances and the higher rate thresholds will be frozen until April 2028, as opposed to rising with inflation

    • National Insurance and inheritance tax thresholds will also be frozen for a further two years (until April 2028)

    • The allowance for capital gains tax will be lowered significantly, from £12,300 to £6,000 and then down to £3,000 in 2024

    • All three rates of dividends tax (basic, higher and additional) will rise, and the tax-free allowance will be cut in half, down to £1,000 and then further to £500 in April 2023

    • The energy bill cap will rise by £500 in April 2023, setting the new ceiling at £3,000

    • Kwasi Kwarteng’s stamp duty cut will remain in place, but only until 2025, when a rise is expected

    Business

    • The energy company windfall tax (Energy Profits Levy) has been extended until 2028, with a 10% rise (from 25% to 35%)

    • A temporary 45% tax will be levied on all companies that generate electricity. This will come into effect January 2023

    • Councils will be permitted to raise taxes by up to 5% without the need for a local referendum

    • The main rate of Corporation Tax will increase to 25% from April 2023

    • Implementation of the OECD Pillar 2 rules, to deliver a global minimum corporate tax rate of 15%.

    Spend

    International

    • Whilst defence spending will be reviewed, there was no announced rise in defence spending. It will stay at 2% of this statement period.

    • Aid spending will also not return to the previous 0.7% levels, remaining at 0.5% for the next 5 years

    Public Sector and Infrastructure

    • £8bn will be given to the NHS and social care sectors. The NHS will receive at least £3.3bn this year and the next as part of this, whilst social care will receive £1bn this year and £1.7bn the following

    • The education sector will be allocated £2.3bn per year for the next two years

    • Projects such as the Sizewell C nuclear power plant, HS2, Northern Powerhouse Rail, East West Rail, and gigabit broadband will also be funded

    Regional and Devolved Funding

    • Additional Levelling Up funding was confirmed, with at least £1.7bn to be allocated by the end of this year

    • The devolved administrations will receive additional funding, with £1.5bn allocated to Scotland, £1.2bn to Wales and £650mn to Northern Ireland over 2023-2024 and 2024-2025

    Compassion

    • The pension ‘triple lock’ will be protected

    • Working age benefits will increase by 10.1%

    • The national living wage will rise to £10.42 an hour

    • The government will issue further cost-of-living support payments, including a means-tested £900, £300 for pensioners and a £150 disability cost of living payment in April 2023

    Full transcript available here

  • PPA calls on Government to prevent Royal Mail abandoning Saturday letter deliveries

    PPA calls on Government to prevent Royal Mail abandoning Saturday letter deliveries

    The Professional Publishers Association (PPA) is calling on government to refuse Royal Mail’s plans to stop Saturday letter deliveries. The postal company has today announced it has approached government to seek an ‘early’ move to five day letter delivery.

    This move will seriously impact long-established weekly magazine titles, making it difficult to operate effectively without a Saturday delivery. Many time-sensitive titles are mailed to land on a Friday or Saturday, and already have to build in an extra day due to Royal Mail processing delays.

    Publishers have previously stated that this could even lead to the closure of UK print editions and result in multi-million pound losses due to cancelled subscriptions and reduced advertising revenues.

    Changing the Universal Service Obligation (USO) would also have a considerable detrimental impact on publication printing schedules. A reduction in available capacity would cause printing costs to rise and result in bottle necks and scheduling gaps negatively affecting print companies’ profitability, damaging both publishers and the wider supply chain.

    The move to a special delivery service on Saturdays will also have a profound impact on deliveries of non-USO mail. Whilst publishers may use Royal Mail’s Publishing Mail product or Wholesale Access (mailing products using other postal services), they are still reliant on Royal Mail operatives in the ‘final mile’ to deliver on Saturdays.

    65% of mail in the UK uses Royal Mail’s Wholesale Access services. This includes magazines, bank statements, letters from HMRC, important mail from hospitals and doctor’s surgeries, court documents, and a range of other highly time-sensitive information.

    Sajeeda Merali, CEO, PPA commented: “The PPA calls on government to block this move to diminish the USO, which will threaten the sustainability of print titles. Time-sensitive titles will be delayed and face significant losses, whilst the entire industry will be impacted by a reduction in print capacity and higher costs. We strongly urge Royal Mail to reconsider its decision: it is quite clear that financial sustainability can be achieved without the degradation of core, legally mandated services. We will work with our members, government, and Royal Mail to ensure that consumers’ access to time-sensitive information is maintained”.